The Knowledge and Attitudes about the Benefits, Risks and Use of Medicine in Aged Primary Students in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.347Keywords:
Attitudes, Benefits, Children, Knowledge, Risks, Use of medicineAbstract
BACKGROUND: Medication always has a ratio of benefits and risks to become a safety measure. Therefore, its use must be careful, especially for children, because it can potentially occur drug incidents in children. As drug users, children are required to be active in using it, but children's knowledge and attitudes about benefits, risks (dangers) and use of medicine are still very shallow and fragmented.
AIM: This study aims to look at the description of children's knowledge and attitudes about medicine from the perspective of the benefits, risks or dangers and use of medicine and the factors that influence them.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted by the analytic method with a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire instrument in grade V elementary school-age children in Padang City, Indonesia. The total sample size obtained was 503 students.
RESULTS: The results showed that children's knowledge of medicine was generally categorised as low, with an average score of 4.70 (SD 1.82) from a scale of 9. Knowledge of drug use was much lower, namely the average score of 1.21 (0.74), followed by knowledge of drug hazards an average score of 1.69 (1.03) and drug benefits an average score of 1.80 (0.69). Age variables, address of residence, family income, the existence of families working as health workers and sources of drug information significantly influence students knowledge (P < 0.05). Whereas students attitudes towards medicine tend to be more positive with an average score of 7.18 (1.77), where the average score of attitudes towards benefits, risks (hazards) and drug use are 1.79 (0.46), respectively, 1.10 (0.58) and 4.29 (1.37). Address of residence, companion during illness, achievement in school and experience in hospital care have a significant effect on student attitudes (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that indicate that students knowledge of benefits, risks and use of medicine is still low and very limited. While related to student attitudes, in general, it tends to be more positive, except about the dangers of medicine that show a negative attitude. The low level of knowledge and limited attitudes of children are the reason for the need for drug education given to children, especially in schools as an integral part of health education.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Neuspiel DR, Taylor MM. Reducing the Risk of Harm From Medication Errors in Children. Health Services Insights. 2013; 6:47-59. https://doi.org/10.4137/HSI.S10454 PMid:25114560 PMCid:PMC4089677
World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting safety of medicines for children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
Holstein BE, Hansen EH, Due P, Almarsdo AB. Self-reported medicine use among 11- to 15-year-old girls and boys in Denmark 1988 - 1998. Scand J Public Health. 2003; 31:334-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940210165082 PMid:14555369
Lindell-Osuagwu L, Sepponen K, Farooqui S, Kokki H, Hämeen-Anttila K, Vainio K. Parental reporting of adverse drug events and other drug-related problems in children in Finland. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013; 69(4):985-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1426-z PMid:23093040
Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Zimmerman A, Schauben JL. 2015 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd Annual Report. Clinical Toxicology. 2016; 54(10):924-1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1245421 PMid:28004588
MacKay JM, Murphy K, Steel A. Safe Medicine Storage: A Look at the Disconnect Between Parent Knowledge and Behavior. Washington DC: Safe Kids Worldwide, March 2017. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.28
Lovegrove M, Weilde NJ, Budnitz DS. Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Unsupervised Pediatric Medication Exposures, 2004-2013. Pediatrics. 2015; 136(4):e821-e829. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2092 PMid:26347435 PMCid:PMC4651433
Whatley B, Williams SE, Gard PR, MacAdam AB. Healthy children's identification and risk perception of medicines in England. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2012; 8(5):478-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2011.11.004 PMid:22264962
Clavenna A, Bonati M. Drug prescriptions to outpatient children: A review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009; 65(8):749-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-009-0679-7 PMid:19529926
Ylinen S, Hämeen-Anttila K, Sepponen K, Lindblad AK, Ahonen R. The use of prescription medicines and self-medication among children - a population-based study in Finland. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010; 19(10):1000-1008. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.1963 PMid:20712023
Chambers CT, Reid GJ, McGrath PJ, Finley GA. Self-administration of over-the-counter medication for pain among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997; 151(5):449-455. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170420019003 PMid:9158435
Hansen EH, Holstein BE, Due P, Currie CE. International survey of self-reported medicine use among adolescents. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2003; 37(3):361-6. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1C111 PMid:12639163
Holstein BE, Andersen A, Fotiou A, Gobina I, Godeau E, Hansen EH, Iannotti R, Levin K, Nic Gabhainn S, Ravens-Sieberer U, Välimaa R. Adolescents' medicine use for headache: Secular trends in 20 countries from 1986 to 2010. Eur J Public Health. 2015; 25:76-79. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv035 PMid:25805794 PMCid:PMC4408544
Sanz EJ. Concordance and children's use of medicines. BMJ. 2003; 327:858-860. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7419.858 PMid:14551105 PMCid:PMC214037
Kärkkäinen S, Hämeen-Anttila K, Vainio K, Kontturi S, Patrikainen R, Keinonen T. Fourth graders' perceptions about medicines and medicine use. Health Educ. 2014; 114(1):43-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-03-2013-0009
Bozoni K, Kalmanti M, Koukouli S. Perception and knowledge of medicines of primary schoolchildren: the influence of age and socioeconomic status. Eur J Pediatr. 2006; 165(1):42-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-005-1760-6 PMid:16222526
Aramburuzabala P. Children's Knowledge of Medicines, Implications for Health Education. Educacao Sociedade & Culturas. 2013; 38(135-149).
Bankar MA, Sujata SD. Promoting the proper use of medicines in rural school children of India. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 2(4):375-380. https://doi.org/10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20130806
Hämeen-Anttila K, Juvonen M, Ahonen R, Bush PJ, Airaksinen M. How well can children understand medicine related topics? Patient Educ Couns. 2006; 60(2):171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2004.12.011 PMid:15939568
Dawood OT, Ibrahim MIM, Abdullah AC. Factors influencing chidrens knowledge and attitudes toward medicines in Malaysia. JMH. 2011; 8(4)288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2011.04.005
Sharaideh R, Wazaify M, Albsoul-Younes AM. Knowledge and attitude of school children in Amman/Jordan toward the appropriate use of medicines: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2013; 21(1):25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.01.001 PMid:23960817 PMCid:PMC3745049
Bush PJ, Cebotarenco N. It's time chlidren learned about medicine. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Service Research. 2010; 1:3-8.
Hämeen-Anttila K, Bush PJ. Healthy children's perceptions of medicines: a review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2008; 4(2):98-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2007.05.002 PMid:18555964
Dawood OT, Ibrahim MIM, Abdullah AC. Chidrens knowledge and beliefs about medicines, Journal of child Health Care. 2015; 19(1)73-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493513496911 PMid:23975718
Desai C, Girdhar AO, Shah UH. Knowledge and Awareness about Medicines among Primary Schoolchildren in Ahmedabad, India. Regional Health Forum. 2005; 9(2):1-8.
Almarsdottir AB, Zimmer C. Children's knowledge about medicines. Childhood. 1998; 5(3):265-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568298005003003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Syofyan Syofyan, Dachriyanus Dachriyanus, Masrul Masrul, Rosfita Rasyid (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0