Physical Exercise Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Elderly Population with Depression
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.574Keywords:
Exercise, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, DepressionAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is very common in the elderly population. Physical exercise is one of the non-pharmacological procedures that promise to be a solution to improve the severity of depression. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a role in maintaining the survival of neuronal cells and in the regulation of synapse plasticity, affecting serotonin production in the hippocampus and thus the depressive symptoms.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the role of physical exercise in affecting BDNF levels in elderly with depression.
METHODS: Thirty-five elderly women (age ≥ 50 years) with depressive episodes based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V criteria were enrolled as treatment group, and 35 elderly women without depressive episodes were enrolled as control group, and underwent physical exercise in the form of treadmill with a speed of 6 km/h for 15 minutes. Physical exercise was carried out once a day for 28 days. As much as 1 ml of blood from the study, subjects were obtained from the cubital vein before the exercise commenced. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum level was assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were presented in the form of mean ± SD. An independent T-test was used to test levels after exercise in the depression group compared to the non-depression group.
RESULTS: Pre-exercise BDNF levels in the depression group were lower than the group of elderly without depression. Physical exercise increased BDNF production in both elderly groups with and without depression. In the depression group, the increasing percentage of BDNF level was higher compared to non-depressive elderly.
CONCLUSION: The increasing percentage of BDNF level was found to be higher in depressive elderly performing physical exercise. Physical exercise may be beneficial in supporting the therapy of elderly with depression.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Leckie RL, Oberlin LE, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Szabo-Reed A, Chaddock-Heyman L, et al. BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; 11(8):985. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00985 PMid:25566019 PMCid:PMC4263078
Martinowich K, Manji H, Lu B. New insights into BDNF function in depression and anxiety. Nat Neurosci. 2007; 10(9):1089-93. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1971 PMid:17726474
Phillips C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Physical Activity: Making the Neuroplastic Connection. Neural Plast. 2017; 2017:7260130. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7260130 PMid:28928987 PMCid:PMC5591905
Pereira DS, de Queiroz BZ, Miranda AS, Rocha NP, FelÃcio DC, Mateo EC, et al. Effects of physical exercise on plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms in elderly women--a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94(8):1443-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.03.029 PMid:23602881
Laske C, Banschbach S, Stransky E, Bosch S, Straten G, Machann J, et al. Exercise-induced normalization of decreased BDNF serum concentration in elderly women with remitted major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010; 13(5):595-602. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145709991234 PMid:20067661
Aoyagi Y, Shephard RJ. Habitual physical activity and health in the elderly: the Nakanojo Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2010; 10 Suppl 1:S236-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00589.x PMid:20590838
Landi F, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Martone AM, D'Angelo E, et al. Impact of habitual physical activity and type of exercise on physical performance across ages in community-living people. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13(1):e0191820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191820 PMid:29370306 PMCid:PMC5784987
Monroe T, Carter M. Using the Folstein Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to explore methodological issues in cognitive aging research. Eur J Ageing. 2012; 9(3):265-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0234-8 PMid:28804426 PMCid:PMC5547414
McClintock SM, Cullum CM, Husain MM, Rush J, Knapp RG, Mueller M, et al. Evaluation of the Effects of Severe Depression on Global Cognitive Function and Memory. CNS Spectr. 2010; 15(5): 304-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285290002753X PMid:20448521 PMCid:PMC5718337
HÃ¥kansson K, Ledreux A, Daffner K, Terjestam Y, Bergman P, Carlsson R, et al. BDNF Responses in Healthy Older Persons to 35 Minutes of Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, and Mindfulness: Associations with Working Memory Function. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 55(2):645-657. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160593 PMid:27716670 PMCid:PMC6135088
Sleiman SF, Henry J, Al-Haddad R, El Hayek L, Abou Haidar E, Stringer T, et al. Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. Elife. 2016; 5:e15092. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15092 PMid:27253067 PMCid:PMC4915811
Ihara K, Yoshida H, Jones PB, Hashizume M, Suzuki Y, Ishijima H, et al. Serum BDNF levels before and after the development of mood disorders: a case-control study in a population cohort. Transl Psychiatry. 2016; 6(4):e782. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.47 PMid:27070410 PMCid:PMC4872405
Yeh SH, Lin LW, Chuang YK, Liu CL, Tsai LJ, Tsuei FS, et al. Effects of Music Aerobic Exercise on Depression and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Community Dwelling Women. BioMed Res Int. 2015; 2015(135893):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/135893 PMid:26075212 PMCid:PMC4446469
Autry AE, Monteggia LM. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Rev. 2012; 64(2):238-58. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.005108 PMid:22407616 PMCid:PMC3310485
Albrecht E, Norheim F, Thiede B, Holen T, Ohashi T, Schering L, et al. Irisin - a myth rather than an exercise-inducible myokine. Scientific Reports. 2015; 5:8889. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08889 PMid:25749243 PMCid:PMC4352853
Newman JC, Verdin E. β-hydroxybutyrate: much more than a metabolite. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014; 106(2):173-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.08.009 PMid:25193333 PMCid:PMC4414487
Chen B, Ma XL, Geng Z, Huang SH, Zhai LK, Guo YY, et al. Up-regulation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) contributes to BDNF-enhanced neurotransmitter release. J Neurochem. 2015; 135(3):453-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13226 PMid:26303065
Park DC, Bischof GN. The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013; 15(1):109-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380882-0.00007-3
Shimazu T, Hirschey MD, Newman J, He W, Shirakawa K, Le Moan N, et al. Suppression of oxidative stress by β-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor. Science. 2013; 339(6116):211-4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1227166 PMid:23223453 PMCid:PMC3735349
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Fauziah Nuraini Kurdi, Rostika Flora (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
