Vascular Malperfusion – As a Morphological Pattern of Preeclampsia

L. M. Stabayeva; I. Mukhammad; Maida Tussupbekova; Olga Kostyleva; Raihan Nygyzbaeva; G. N. Imanbayeva; Yasminur Turdybekova; Aynura Zhumakayeva; Dinar Kalieva; Yevgeniy Kotov; Aigul Mergentay; Ainur Meldebekova

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9668

Authors

L. M. Stabayeva Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
I. Mukhammad Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-5983
Maida Tussupbekova Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Olga Kostyleva Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-6670
Raihan Nygyzbaeva Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-1872
G. N. Imanbayeva Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Yasminur Turdybekova Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-6300
Aynura Zhumakayeva Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-4241
Dinar Kalieva Department of Surgical Diseases, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-7103
Yevgeniy Kotov Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Aigul Mergentay Department of Public Health, Karaganda State Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Ainur Meldebekova Department of Internal Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9668

Keywords:

Placenta, Preeclampsia, Vascular malperfusion, Atherosclerosis, Chorangiosis

Abstract

Introduction. The system « mother-placenta-fetus » is in a complex functional balance, and dysfunction of any of the components can compromise others. The placenta plays an important role in the development of preeclampsia, since preeclampsia can occur in the absence of a fetus, but in the presence of a trophoblast. In this regard, the study of morphological placental patterns in preeclampsia can give an idea of preeclampsia as a pathology in general, as well as its relationship with hypoxic damage to the fetus.

Aim. Identification of morphological patterns of placental lesions associated with preeclampsia.

Materials and methods. A retrospective morphological study of 355 placentas sent for histological examination in the period from 2015 to 2020 was carried out. During the analyzed period, 184 placentas from pregnancies with an established diagnosis of preeclampsia and 171 placentas from pregnancies with a physiological course were studied.

Results. It has been established that preeclampsia is associated with a smaller mass, size and height of the placenta. As morphological patterns associated with preeclampsia, such histological signs of maternal vascular malperfusion, such as infarcts, arterial atherosclerosis, etc., were identified.

Conclusions. The heterogeneity of clinical and histological signs associated with both the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy reflects the different gestational age of the onset of the disease and the stage of development of the adaptive capabilities of the placenta. Identification of morphological patterns associated with hypoxic damage to the fetus allows us to identify a group of newborns with a high risk of chronic hypoxic damage in the perinatal period and to stratify the risk group in the postnatal period in order to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.

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