Cigarette Smoking and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.117Keywords:
smoking, oxidative stress, coronary artery diseaseAbstract
AIM: To determine whether cigarette smoking, as a risk factor for CAD, affects oxidative stress.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients with CAD divided according to smoking status and number of cigarettes smoked during a whole day. In all subjects were examined biological markers of oxidative stress (concentration of oxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes).
RESULTS: The study included 300 patients with CAD, with an average age of 62.97 ± 11.18 years, with a predominance of males. Of the total, 34.0% were active smokers, and 43.0% were non-smokers. The number of the most active smokers smoked cigarettes 1-20/day. In terms of concentration of oxidants (MDA and HP) it has not proved a significant difference between smokers versus non-smokers. Over the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) statistically significant difference was found in the activity of GPX and among active smokers with CAD and non-smokers with CAD (p = 0.039).
CONCLUSION:Smoking as a risk factor for CAD is closely associated with increased oxidative stress and the number of cigarettes smoked plays an important role in increasing the level of oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant defence.AIM: To determine whether cigarette smoking, as a risk factor for CAD, affects (anti)oxidant status.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients with CAD, divided according to their smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked during a day. Biological markers of oxidative stress (concentration of oxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes) were measured in all subjects.
RESULTS: The study included 300 patients with CAD, (average age of 63 ± 11 years), predominantly males. Of the total, 34.0% were active smokers, 23.0% were former smokers, and 43.0% were non-smokers. Most of the active smokers smoked 1-20 cigarettes/day. In terms of concentration of oxidants (MDA and HP) there was not a significant difference between smokers versus non-smokers. As for the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX), a statistically significant difference was found in the activity of GPX among the active smokers with CAD and the non-smokers with CAD (p = 0.039).
CONCLUSION: Smoking as a risk factor for CAD is closely associated with increased oxidative stress, and the number of cigarettes smoked plays an important role in increasing the level of oxidative damage and reducing antioxidant defence.Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Pryor WA. Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105(suppl4):875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.97105s4875 PMid:9255574 PMCid:PMC1470037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3433297
Koul A, Bhatia V, Bansal MP: Effect of alpha-tocopherol on pulmonary antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidation in cigarete smoke inhaling mice. BMC Biochem. 2001;2:14-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-2-14 PMCid:PMC60661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-2-14
Kamisaki Y, Wada K, Nakamoto K, Kishimoto Y, Ashida K, Itoh T. Substances in the aqueous fraction of cigarette smoke inhibit lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1997;42:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15216549700202371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15216549700202371
Kasap S, Gönenç A, Sener DE, Hisar I. Serum cardiac markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Oxidative stress, C-reactive protein and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007; 41: 50–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2007007 PMid:18392101 PMCid:PMC2274989 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2007007
Marangon K, Herbeth B, Lecomte E, et al. Diet, antioxidant status, and smoking habits in French men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:231–9. PMid:9459370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.2.231
Stamler JS, Rains-Clearman D, Lenz-Litzow K, Tillotson JL, Grandits GA. Chapter 14. Relation of smoking at baseline and during trial years 1–6 to food and nutrient intakes and weight in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(suppl):374S–402S. PMid:8988949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.1.374S
Bruno RS, Traber MG. Vitamin E biokinetics, oxidative stress and cigarette smoking. Pathophysiology. 2006, 13:143-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.003 PMid:16814530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.003
Basant K.P, Treasaden I.H, Cocchi M, Tsaluchidu S, Tonello L, Ross BM. A comparison of oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers: an in vivo human quantitative study of n-3 lipid peroxidation. BMC Psychiatry. 2008, 8(Suppl 1):S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-S1-S4 PMid:18433514 PMCid:PMC2330079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-S1-S4
Menshchikova EB, Lankin VZ, Zenkov NK, Bondar' IA, Krugovykh NF, Trufakin VA. Oxidative stress. Prooxidants and antioxidants. Moscow: Slovo, 2006. PMid:17009949
Metta S, Basalingappa DR, Uppala S, Mitta G. Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defenses Against Cigarette Smoking in Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015;9(6):BC08-BC11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/12237.6128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/12237.6128
Lykkesfeldt Ј, Viscovich М and Poulsen HE. Plasma malondialdehyde is induced by smoking: a study with balanced antioxidant profiles. British Journal of Nutrition. 2004;92: 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041191 PMid:15333149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041191
Block G, Dietrich M, Norkus EP, Morrow JD, Hudes M, Caan B & Packer L. Factors associated with oxidative stress in human populations. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:274–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf029 PMid:12142263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf029
Jansen EH, Beekhof P, Ruskovska T. The effect of smoking on biomarkers of (anti) oxidant status. Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis. 2015;2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9929.1000207
He J, Vupputuri S, Allen K, Prerost MR, Hughes J, et al. Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease–a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. N Engl J Med. 1999;340: 920–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199903253401204 PMid:10089185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199903253401204
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: An update. JACC. 2005;43: 1731–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.047 PMid:15145091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.047
Raupach T, Schafer K, Konstantinides S, Andreas S. Secondhand smoke as an acute threat for the cardiovascular system: a change in paradigm. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(4): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi601 PMid:16230308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi601
Megson IL, Haw SJ, Newby DE, Pell JP. Association between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Among Patients Hospitalised with Acute Myocardial Infarction. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e81209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081209 PMid:24339911 PMCid:PMC3855195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081209
Pell JP, Haw S, Cobbe S, Newby DE, Pell ACH, et al. Second-hand smoke exposure and survival following acute coronary syndrome: Prospective cohort study of 1,261 consecutive admissions among never smokers. Heart. 2009;95(17):1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2009.171702 PMid:19684191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2009.171702
Tokgozoglu L, Baris Kaya E. Atherosclerotic vascular disease and risk factors in Turkey: From past to present. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2008;15:286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.E614 PMid:19075493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.E614
Tokgozoglu L, Kaya EB, Erol C, Ergene O. EUROASPIRE III: A comparison between Turkey and Europe. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2010;38:164–72. PMid:20675993
Aksoy S, Cam N, Gurkan U, Oz D, Özden K, Altay S, Durmus G, Agirbasli M. Oxidative stress and severity of coronary artery disease in young smokers with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology Journal. 2012;19(4):381–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/CJ.2012.0069 PMid:22825899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.2012.0069
Bikkad MD, Ghuge SH, Somwanshi SD and Ingle SB. Evaluation of Lipid Peroxide and Antioxidants in Smokers. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences. 2014; 4 (1):1-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
