Fruit and Vegetable Effect Changes in Blood Sugar Levels and Food Glycemic Index

Gurid Pramintarto Eko Mulyo; Zidnie Silmi Kaffah; Mira Mutiyani; Angreni Ayuhastuti

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7811

Authors

Gurid Pramintarto Eko Mulyo Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Zidnie Silmi Kaffah Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Mira Mutiyani Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Angreni Ayuhastuti Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7811

Keywords:

Fruits, Correction factors, Glycemic index, Vegetables

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Foods consumed with fiber sources will be different from foods not consumed with fiber sources because fiber has a mechanism to lower blood sugar levels. However, the difference or the correlation factor is not yet known.

AIM: This study aims to determine the differences in changes in blood sugar levels in the fruit or vegetable intervention and to determine the correction factor for changes in blood sugar levels and the glycemic index (GI) of food.

METHODS: The research design used was experimental with a pre-post design; the sampling technique used purposive sampling totaling 13 people divided into two groups, namely, the fruit and vegetable group. The sample was selected under normal circumstances and had no history of diabetes mellitus. Blood sugar levels taken were fasting blood sugar levels at 0’, 30’, 60’, 90’, and 120’ after the intervention to see a graph of changes in blood sugar levels. The statistical analysis used is ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis.

RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in comparing standard bread with bread and avocado and bread and beans at 30’ after the intervention. After the intervention, bread with watermelon showed significant results at 120’ and bread with carrots at 90’. The highest GI and the lowest correction factor for changes in blood sugar levels were shown in watermelon. In contrast, the lowest GI and the highest correction factor were shown in avocado.

CONCLUSION: When compared between the four interventions, giving avocados were more able to lower blood sugar levels.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S62-9. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-S062 PMid:21193628 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-S062

Riskesdas. Indonesian RISKESDAS Basic Health Research Report 2007. Jakarta: Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2007.

Riskesdas. RISKESDAS Indonesia Basic Health Research Report. Jakarta: Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2013.

Hairani RI, Aji JM. Analysis of sugar production and import trends and factors affecting sugar imports. Berkara Ilmiah Pertanian. 2014;1:77-85.

Kant I, Pandelaki AJ, Lampus BS. An overview of the people’s eating habits in the Allandrew Permai housing, Malalayang I village, Neighborhood XI, Manado city. JKedokteran Komunitas Tropik. 2013;1:88-95.

Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Carbohydrates: Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 5th ed. Australia, Canada: Thomson Wadsworth; 2009. p. 69-77.

Indonesian Nutritionist Association (PERSAGI). Indonesian Food Composition Table. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo; 2009.

Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(12):2281-3. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1239 PMid:18835944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1239

Utami AY. The Effect of Avocado Juice on Blood Sugar Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Jetis II Public Health Center Bantul [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Aisyiyah College of Health Sciences; 2012.

Rashid H, Bukhari A, Syauki Y. Clinical Skills Work Guidebook III Diet Management in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity Patients. Makassar: Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University; 2017.

Gustira I. Consumption of vegetables and fruits in students of SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. Vol. 1. In: North Sumatra: Journal of Precure. Epi Treat Unit-University of North Sumatra; 2012.

Study P, Doctor P, Medicine F, Science DAN, Negeri UI, Hidayatullah S. Effects of Insulin Leaf Extract (Smallanthus sonchifolia) on Blood Glucose Levels, Body Weight, and Triglyceride Levels in Sprague Dawley Strain Induced Diabetes Rats; 2014.

Banjarnahor E, Wangko S. Pancreatic beta cells synthesis and secretion of insulin. J Biomed. 2012;4(3):156-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.4.3.2012.795

Khoirunnisa R. The Effect of Giving Processed Fruits on Blood Glucose Levels [Thesis]. Bandung: Poltekkes Bandung Department of Nutrition; 2018.

Santoso MP. Food fiber (dietary fiber) and its benefits. Magistra. 2011;75:35-40.

Astawan, M. The use of dietary fiber to prevent various diseases. J Food Sci Technol. 1998;3(2).

Sumardiono, Siswo, Basri, Mohamad P, Sihombing, Rony. Analysis of Psycho-chemical Properties of Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicone culentum) Apple Tomato Type, to Increase the Functional Value of Tomato Fruit as a Local Food Commodity [Proceedings of the S1 Final Project Seminar]. Indonesia: Chemical Engineering Department, UNDIP; 2009.

Hoerudin. Fruit glycemic index and its implications in controlling blood glucose levels. Agric Postharvest Technol Bull. 2012;8:80-98.

Kurniawati D, Sutrisna EM, Wahyuni AS. Test for reducing blood glucose levels by 70% ethanol extract of beans leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in male rabbits loaded with glucose. J Biomed. 2012;4(1):1-8.

Dharma S, Saputra H, Suharti N. Effect of carrot juice (Daucus carota, Linn) on blood glucose levels of female white mice. Higea Pharm J. 2011;3(1):31-5.

Abdullah, Budiyanto A, Hoerudin. Glycemic Index Value of Food Products and Factors Affecting It. Bogor: Journal of Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development; 2013.

Dasgupta A, Klein K. Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins, and Supplements. USA: Elsevier; 2014. p. 153-62.

Gate SF. Soluble Fiber Amounts in Fruits and Vegetables; 2015. Available from: https://www.healthyeating.sfgate.com/soluble-fiber-amounts-fruits-vegetables-4408.html [Last accessed on 2018 Sep 23].

Nadimin, Ayu SD, Sadariah. The Effect of High-Fibre Diet DM on Reduction in Blood Sugar Levels in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Salewangang Hospital, Kab. 1st ed., Vol. 7. Maros: Food Nutrition Media; 2009.

Isdiany N, Rosmana D. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and energy intake play a role in controlling blood glucose levels in Type 2 DM patients. J Health Res. 2017;7(1):17-24. Available from: https://www.juriskes.com/ojs/index.php/jrk/article/view/26 [Last accessed on 2019 May 23].