Acid Etching as Surface Treatment Method for Luting of Glass-Ceramic Restorations, part 1: Acids, Application Protocol and Etching Effectiveness

Emilija Barjaktarova-Valjakova; Anita Grozdanov; Ljuben Guguvcevski; Vesna Korunoska-Stevkovska; Biljana Kapusevska; Nikola Gigovski; Aneta Mijoska; Cvetanka Bajraktarova-Misevska

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.147

Authors

Emilija Barjaktarova-Valjakova Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Anita Grozdanov Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje
Ljuben Guguvcevski Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Vesna Korunoska-Stevkovska Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Biljana Kapusevska Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Nikola Gigovski Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Aneta Mijoska Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje
Cvetanka Bajraktarova-Misevska Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University Dental Clinical Centre â€œSt Pantelejmonâ€, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.147

Keywords:

Acid etching, Ceramic surface treatment, Hydrofluoric acid, Acidulated phosphate fluoride, Ammonium hydrogen bifluoride

Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this review is to represent acids that can be used as surface etchant before adhesive luting of ceramic restorations, placement of orthodontic brackets or repair of chipped porcelain restorations. Chemical reactions, application protocol, and etching effect are presented as well.

STUDY SELECTION: Available scientific articles published in PubMed and Scopus literature databases, scientific reports and manufacturers' instructions and product information from internet websites, written in English, using following search terms: â€œacid etching, ceramic surface treatment, hydrofluoric acid, acidulated phosphate fluoride, ammonium hydrogen bifluorideâ€, have been reviewed.

RESULTS: There are several acids with fluoride ion in their composition that can be used as ceramic surface etchants. The etching effect depends on the acid type and its concentration, etching time, as well as ceramic type. The most effective etching pattern is achieved when using hydrofluoric acid; the numerous micropores and channels of different sizes, honeycomb-like appearance, extruded crystals or scattered irregular ceramic particles, depending on the ceramic type, have been detected on the etched surfaces.

CONCLUSION: Acid etching of the bonding surface of glass - ceramic restorations is considered as the most effective treatment method that provides a reliable bond with composite cement. Selective removing of the glassy matrix of silicate ceramics results in a micromorphological three-dimensional porous surface that allows micromechanical interlocking of the luting composite.

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