AdhO36 Liposomes from Salmonella Typhi in Combination With β-Glucan Immuno-adjuvant From Candida albicans Cell Wall as Oral Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever in Mice Model

Hidajah Rachmawati; Sri Winarsih; Sumarno Reto Prawiro; Wisnu Barlianto; Sanarto Santoso; Djoni Djunaedi; Agustina Tri Endharti; Teguh Wahyu Sardjono; Husnul Khotimah; Gita Sekar Prihanti; Raditya W. Nugraheni; Firasti A. N. Sumadi; Helmy Yusuf

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4422

Authors

Hidajah Rachmawati Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Sri Winarsih Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia; Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Sumarno Reto Prawiro Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Wisnu Barlianto Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Sanarto Santoso Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Djoni Djunaedi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Agustina Tri Endharti Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Teguh Wahyu Sardjono Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Husnul Khotimah Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
Gita Sekar Prihanti Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Raditya W. Nugraheni Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Firasti A. N. Sumadi Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Helmy Yusuf Department of Pharmaceutics, Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4422

Keywords:

Liposomal vaccine oral, AdhO36, β-Glucan, Typhoid fever, Immunoadjuvant

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development of an oral typhoid fever vaccine need more effective and having high-efficacy in preventing typhoid fever. The use of liposomes as a vaccine vehicle can be formulated to target a specific location or trigger the release of antigens on its target. β-Glucan derived from Candida albicans cell wall as immunoadjuvant can strengthen the immune response and increases the protection against Salmonella Typhi bacterial invasion.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the immune response in typhoid fever mice by administering a combination of AdhO36 S. Typhi liposome vaccine with β-Glucan and determine the protectivity to inhibit bacterial colonization in typhoid fever.

METHODS: Mice were divided into five groups include negative and positive control also treatment group. IL-12 was evaluated after 4-h immunization while the other (was IL-12, IL-10, Th1 (IL-2), Th2 (IL-4), and the protective test against bacterial invasion) evaluated after 96-h.

RESULTS: IL-12 level in the combination of β-Glucan and AdhO36 groups showed significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.034), whereas IL-10 level significantly increase (p = 0.0009). The percentage of Th-1 (IL-2) cells significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.000), this also happened on the percentage of Th-2 (IL-4) cells that significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.018). The protective test toward bacterial invasion showed no bacterial colonization in all tissues intestine, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node.

CONCLUSION: The administration of a combination of liposome containing β-Glucan from C. albicans and AdhO36 S. Typhi has a potential effect on cellular and humoral immune response.

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